120+ Heartfelt Long Love Messages to Make Her Smile

Sometimes the smallest message becomes the biggest memory. A sweet long love message to make her smile can turn an ordinary day into something special. It can remind her that she’s loved, appreciated, and always on your mind. Whether you want sweet long love messages for her to make her smile, or a long sweet love message for her to make her smile that feels deeply personal, this collection will help you say what your heart feels check more here : 100+ Savage Comebacks to “I Slept With Your Mom”

You’ll find long love paragraphs, love-letter style messages, deep emotional texts, cute sweet messages, romantic lines, and message ideas for girlfriends and wives—all written to feel sincere and easy to send.

sweet long love messages to make her smile

Table of Contents

Why Sweet Long Love Messages Make Her Smile

A long message doesn’t impress her because of length. It makes her smile because it feels intentional. It tells her you stopped, thought about her, and chose to express what you feel.

What Makes a Long Love Message Feel Genuine

A genuine message includes:

details that feel personal
emotions that feel honest
appreciation for who she is
small memories you share
reassurance and commitment

The more real it feels, the more it touches her heart.

When to Send a Sweet Long Love Message

These messages are perfect to send:

when she’s stressed or tired
when she’s overthinking
when you miss her
after a disagreement
before she sleeps
when she wakes up
on special days like birthdays, anniversaries, or monthsaries
randomly, just to make her smile

How to Make Her Smile Through Words (Simple Tips)

Use her name or nickname in the message
Mention something she did that you appreciate
Bring up a shared memory
Compliment her character, not just her looks
End with a promise or loving reassurance
Keep it natural—write like you talk

How to Write a Sweet Long Love Message to Make Her Smile

If you want your message to feel unforgettable, follow these simple steps.

Start With a Compliment That Feels Personal

Instead of a generic “you’re beautiful,” say something that sounds real:

“I love how your smile calms my mind.”
“I love the way you care, even when nobody sees it.”

Mention Small Things You Love About Her

Small things feel big in love:

her laugh
the way she texts
her kindness
how she listens
how she stays patient
how she makes you feel safe

Add a Memory You Both Share

Memories turn a message into something she can feel:

a first date moment
a call you never forgot
a random joke
a moment where she supported you

Express Gratitude and Appreciation

Many girls just want to feel noticed:

“Thank you for staying.”
“Thank you for believing in me.”
“Thank you for loving me even on my messy days.”

End With Commitment or a Sweet Promise

Promises make her feel secure:

“I’m not going anywhere.”
“I’ll keep choosing you.”
“I want you, always.”

Mistakes to Avoid (So It Doesn’t Sound Fake)

Avoid:

overly dramatic lines that don’t sound like you
copying phrases that feel generic
making it only about your feelings
using too many compliments without meaning
writing something you don’t actually follow through on

Sweet Long Love Messages to Make Her Smile (Copy-Paste)

This section includes sweet long love messages for her to make her smile, long sweet love paragraphs, and love-letter style texts you can send anytime.

Long Sweet Love Paragraphs for Her

I just want to remind you that you are loved in a way that is calm, loyal, and real. Even when life gets busy, you stay on my mind. I love the way you speak, the way you care, and the way you make even ordinary moments feel special. You don’t just make me happy—you make me feel understood. I’m grateful for you, and I’m grateful that I get to love you.
You have this beautiful way of making me feel at home, even when I’m far away. I love how you bring peace into my heart without even trying. I don’t need a perfect day as long as I have you. Thank you for being patient with me, for supporting me, and for loving me in a way that feels safe. I want you to know I’m here, I’m loyal, and I’m not going anywhere.
I never thought I could love someone this deeply until you came into my life. You are the best part of my day, not because you do something big, but because you exist. Your presence alone makes things feel lighter. I want to give you the kind of love that makes you smile without effort and feel secure without doubt. You deserve that, and I want to be that for you.
If you ever feel tired, stressed, or overwhelmed, I want you to remember that you don’t have to carry everything alone. I’m here for you. I’ll listen, I’ll support you, and I’ll remind you how special you are. You’re stronger than you think and kinder than you realize. I love you for who you are, not just for what you do. And I’m proud to love you.
Loving you is my favorite decision. I love your heart, your mind, and the way you bring warmth to everything around you. You make me want to do better—not because you demand it, but because you inspire it. I’m grateful for every moment we share, and I’m excited for every moment that’s still coming. You are my favorite person, and I will never stop choosing you.

Sweet Long Love Messages That Feel Like a Love Letter

My love, if I could give you one thing in this world, it would be the ability to see yourself through my eyes. You would realize how beautiful you are, how rare your heart is, and how much you mean to me. I love you for your softness, your strength, and the way you love so sincerely. I’m grateful for you, and I want to keep loving you in ways that make you smile every day.
Darling, you are not just someone I care about. You are the person my heart feels safe with. I love the way you understand me, the way you speak with kindness, and the way you show love without needing a reason. Thank you for being you. Thank you for being mine. I want to build a love with you that feels peaceful, loyal, and forever.
I want you to know that I don’t love you only on the good days. I love you on the hard days too. I love you when you’re quiet, when you’re tired, when you’re emotional, and even when you’re overthinking. You don’t have to be perfect to be loved. You are already enough. You are my love, and I will always be here for you.
Every time I think about you, my heart feels calm. You make me want a future filled with peace, love, and laughter. I imagine us growing together, making memories, building a life that feels like home. You are the kind of love I never want to lose. I’m grateful you’re in my life, and I want you forever.
You are my favorite thought, my favorite feeling, and my favorite person. I love the way you make my day better without even trying. If love had a face, it would look like you. If comfort had a voice, it would sound like you. And if home had a heartbeat, it would be yours. I love you deeply.

Deep Sweet Long Love Messages That Touch Her Heart

I want to love you in a way that heals you. In a way that never makes you question your worth. In a way that makes you feel secure, safe, and chosen. You are not a temporary feeling for me. You are a permanent place in my heart.
I don’t want a love that is loud only when things are good. I want a love that stays steady through everything. I want to be the kind of partner who protects your heart and your peace. I want you to feel safe with me, always.
If I could, I would take every stress away from your mind and replace it with peace. You deserve rest, happiness, and a love that feels gentle. I will always try to be that love for you. I love you more than you know.
You are not just important to me. You are part of my life in a way I can’t explain. Your happiness matters to me. Your tears matter to me. Your dreams matter to me. I love you, and I want to keep growing with you.
Some people search for love their whole life. I found it in you. I found kindness, loyalty, and beauty in the same person. I will never take you for granted. I love you deeply, and I’ll keep proving it.

Cute and Sweet Long Messages to Make Her Smile

I just want you to smile right now, because your smile is my favorite thing in the world. If you’re reading this, I hope you know you’re loved so much. I’m lucky to have you, and I’m proud that you’re mine.
You’re the kind of girl who makes everything feel better—my day, my mood, my life. I don’t know how you do it, but you do. I love you for being you. Never change.
If loving you was a job, I’d be the best employee ever. I would never take a day off, never be late, and always give you my best. Because you deserve the best kind of love.
I want to be the reason you smile randomly in the middle of the day. I want to be the reason your heart feels safe. And I want to be the person you always feel proud to love.
You’re my favorite notification, my favorite thought, and my favorite person. Even when I’m busy, you’re always somewhere in my mind. I love you, and I miss you more than you know.

Sweet Long Love Messages to Make Her Cry (Happy Tears)

I don’t just love you for your beauty. I love you for your heart, your kindness, and the way you still stay strong even when life is heavy. You are one of the best people I’ve ever known, and I’m grateful I get to love you.
If you ever doubt yourself, remember this: you are loved. Not for what you do, but for who you are. You are enough. You always have been. And you always will be.
I want to love you in a way that feels calm, loyal, and safe. I want you to feel protected, chosen, and valued. I want to make you proud of being loved by me.
I promise you this: I’m not here for temporary love. I’m here for a love that stays. A love that grows. A love that chooses you even when things get hard.
I’m grateful for every moment you’ve given me, for every time you stayed, and for every time you chose us. You are my blessing. I love you more than words can carry.

Romantic Long Love Messages for Her

Romantic messages feel special when they combine love, admiration, and commitment.

Romantic Long Messages With Compliments

You are beautiful, but what makes you irresistible is your heart. The way you care, the way you love, the way you stay kind even when life tests you. You are rare, and I’m lucky to have you.
You have the kind of smile that can soften a bad day. You have the kind of voice that feels like comfort. And you have the kind of love that makes life worth living. I love you deeply.
You are the kind of woman I want to build a future with. You inspire me, you calm me, and you make me feel like love is real. Thank you for being mine.

Romantic Long Messages With Future Plans

I can’t wait for the days when we don’t have to say “I miss you” so often. I can’t wait for the day I get to hold you whenever I want. I want a life with you, full of peace and love.
Every plan I make, I see you in it. Every dream I have, you are part of it. I want you by my side, not just for now, but for everything.
One day we’ll look back at this time and be proud we loved each other the right way. I want to grow with you and build a love that lasts.

Romantic Long Messages That Build Trust

You never have to worry about my love. It’s steady. It’s loyal. And it belongs to you. I want you to feel safe with me, always.
I trust you completely, and I want you to trust me the same way. I want our love to feel peaceful, not confusing. I want to protect your heart, not test it.
I’m here for you in every season. In happy moments, and in hard ones too. I won’t leave when things get heavy. I’ll stay and love you through it.

Sweet Long Love Messages for Girlfriend

These messages work perfectly if she’s your girlfriend and you want something sweet, romantic, and memorable.

Long Love Messages for New Relationships

I know we’re still learning each other, but I already feel so grateful that I met you. You make my heart feel happy, and I love how natural it feels to talk to you. I’m excited for what we’re building.
You came into my life quietly, but your impact has been huge. I smile more now. I feel calmer. I feel loved. Thank you for being part of my life.
I love getting to know you more every day. Your personality, your heart, your energy—it all makes me feel lucky. I’m happy I’m yours.

Long Love Messages for a Serious Girlfriend

You are not just someone I love, you are someone I want to keep forever. I want to build something real with you. Something loyal, stable, and full of peace.
I love you deeply and I want you to feel safe in this relationship. I want you to feel chosen, respected, and appreciated. Always.
You are my best friend and my favorite person. I don’t want a life without you. I want a life with you, filled with love and stability.

Sweet Long Love Messages for Monthsary

Happy monthsary, my love. Every month with you feels like a blessing. Thank you for loving me, supporting me, and making me feel like I matter. I want more months, more memories, and more love with you.
Another month with you, and my love still feels fresh. You are my favorite part of life, and I’m grateful for every moment with you. Happy monthsary, baby.
Happy monthsary. I love you more every month because you continue to show me what real love looks like. I’m proud of us, and I’m proud to love you.

Sweet Long Love Messages for Wife

These messages are perfect for couples who are married and want love that feels mature, loyal, and full of respect.

Long Love Messages for Your Wife to Feel Special

You are the best part of my life. Thank you for being my wife, my partner, and my peace. I love you deeply, and I’ll always honor your heart.
My love, I want you to know you are appreciated more than words can show. You make our home warm. You make my life meaningful. I’m grateful for you every day.
Loving you is the best thing I’ve ever done. You are my blessing, and I will never stop choosing you.

Love Messages to Appreciate Her Effort

Thank you for everything you do that often goes unseen. Your effort, your patience, your sacrifices—they matter. I see you, and I appreciate you.
You carry so much, and you still stay kind. You are strong, and I’m proud of you. I love you more than words can explain.
You’ve made our life beautiful through your love and care. I’m grateful for you, and I’ll always protect your heart.

Long Messages to Strengthen Marriage Love

Marriage is not always easy, but loving you is always worth it. I want to keep building a love that feels peaceful and strong. I’m here, I’m loyal, and I’m committed to you.
I don’t want a love that fades. I want a love that grows stronger with time. And with you, I feel like forever is possible.
Thank you for staying with me through every season. I love you deeply, I respect you, and I’m grateful you’re my wife.

Sweet Long Love Messages for Crush (Confession Style)

If you have a crush and want to express your feelings without sounding too intense, a sweet long message can be the perfect way. It feels thoughtful, respectful, and romantic. These messages help you confess gently while still making her smile.

Sweet Long Confession Messages

I don’t know the perfect words to say this, but I want to be honest. I really like you. I like the way you carry yourself, the way you talk, and the way your presence changes the mood around you. Every time I see your name or think about you, I feel something warm in my heart. I’m not trying to rush anything, but I didn’t want to keep my feelings hidden. I just wanted you to know that you’re special to me.
I’ve been wanting to tell you this for a while. You’ve been on my mind more than you probably realize. The smallest things remind me of you, and I catch myself smiling without meaning to. I don’t know where this will go, but I do know that I genuinely like you. I like you for your personality, your energy, and the way you make things feel lighter. If you ever feel the same, I’d be happy to know.
I’m not the type to confess easily, but you make me want to be brave. There’s something about you that feels different in the best way. You make me feel calm and excited at the same time. I just want to be honest and tell you that I like you and I would love the chance to know you better. No pressure, no expectations. Just honesty.
You’re the kind of person that makes love feel simple. I admire you more than I can explain. I like the way you think, the way you treat people, and the way you stay real. I’m not saying this to impress you. I’m saying it because I want you to know how much you mean to me. Even if you don’t feel the same, I’m glad I got to know you.
I don’t know what it is about you, but you stay in my thoughts. You have a beauty that’s not only in your face, but in the way you talk and the way you care. I like you, genuinely. I’m not asking you for anything right now, I just wanted you to know that you’ve become someone special to me.

Romantic Long Messages Without Being Too Strong

I really enjoy talking to you. Every conversation with you feels easy, and I always end up feeling happy after it. You have such a beautiful energy, and I like the way you make people feel comfortable. I’m not trying to label anything, but I just want you to know that I like you and I enjoy having you in my life.
You’re one of those people who naturally stand out without even trying. Your vibe is different, and I mean that in the best way. I enjoy your presence, your humor, and the way you carry yourself. I just want to keep getting to know you, slowly and genuinely.
I don’t want to rush anything. I just want to say that I appreciate you. I like the way you talk, the way you smile, and the way you make even simple moments feel special. I’m grateful we crossed paths.
I don’t need to say too much. I just want you to know that you’re someone I think about, someone I respect, and someone I genuinely like. You have a beautiful heart, and it shows.
I love how effortless it feels to talk to you. You make me feel calm, and I don’t always feel that way with people. I appreciate you more than you probably know.

Long Messages That Hint Your Feelings

Sometimes I catch myself smiling for no reason, and then I realize it’s because you crossed my mind. You have a way of staying with me even when you’re not around. I don’t know what that means yet, but I know it feels good.
I like the way you make small moments feel important. Even a simple conversation with you feels like something I don’t want to end. I’m not sure what the future holds, but I know I’m glad you’re in my life.
I don’t say this often, but I’m grateful for your presence. You make things feel lighter. I feel lucky to know you.
You make me want to be better, not by force, but by inspiration. I admire you more than you realize.
If you ever wonder if you matter to someone, I want you to know you matter to me. More than you probably think.

Sweet Long Love Messages for Long Distance Relationship

Long distance is hard, but the right words can bring comfort. A sweet long love message to make her smile across miles helps her feel close to you even when you can’t be there physically.

Sweet Long Love Messages to Reduce Missing Her

I miss you in a way that words can’t fully explain. I miss your voice, your presence, and the comfort you bring just by being around. But even with all this distance, my love for you feels strong. I want you to know that every day we’re apart is one day closer to being together again. Until then, I’ll keep loving you loudly through quiet messages and gentle reminders.
I know we can’t hug or hold hands right now, but I still feel connected to you. I feel you in my thoughts, in my routines, and in every little thing that reminds me of you. I miss you, but I’m proud of us for staying loyal, consistent, and patient. You are worth every mile between us.
I miss you so much, but I’m grateful we have something worth missing. I’d rather miss you than be with anyone else. You are my favorite person, and I’ll keep holding on to us until I get to hold you.
Distance is hard, but it doesn’t scare me because my love for you is real. I’m not leaving. I’m staying. I’m loving you through it all. I miss you, baby, but I’m proud of what we have.
Sometimes I close my eyes and imagine you beside me. It makes me feel calm. I want you to remember that even if we’re far, you’re still the closest person to my heart.

Long Love Messages for Video Call or Voice Note

I wish I could sit beside you, hold your hand, and tell you how much you mean to me. But since I can’t, I’m saying it through this message. You are the best part of my life, and I’m grateful for the way you stay strong with me. I love you more than you know, and I’m proud that you’re mine.
If I could, I’d hug you right now and tell you that everything will be okay. I want you to feel safe, loved, and protected—even from far away. I love you deeply, and I trust us. We’ll make it.
Happy or sad, tired or stressed, I want you to remember that I’m always with you emotionally. You can talk to me anytime. You can lean on me anytime. I love you and I’m not going anywhere.
You’re the first person I want to talk to when something happens, and the last person I want to say good night to. I miss you, but I’m grateful for you. I love you with my whole heart.
Even when we’re far, your voice is my comfort. Your laugh is my happiness. And your love is my peace. I can’t wait until distance is just a memory.

Long Distance Love Messages With Reassurance

I don’t want you to overthink. I don’t want you to feel insecure. I don’t want you to doubt your place in my heart. You are my love and my choice. Distance can’t change that. I’m loyal to you, I’m proud of you, and I’ll always be here.
I know long distance can make you feel lonely sometimes, but I want you to know you are never alone. I’m thinking about you, praying for you, and loving you every day. You are my heart, and I trust you completely.
If distance ever makes you feel uncertain, please remember that I’m committed to you. I’m not here temporarily. I’m here because you matter to me. I love you and I’ll keep proving it.
You are safe in my love. You are secure in my heart. I don’t want anyone else. I want you, only you. And I want you forever.
I trust you, I respect you, and I love you deeply. This distance is only a phase. Our love is permanent.

Sweet Long Love Message to Make Her Smile Across Miles

I just want to remind you that you’re doing amazing. Even from far away, I can see your strength. I love you not only for your beauty but for your heart, your patience, and your loyalty. I miss you more than anything, but I’m grateful that I get to love you. Keep smiling, baby. I’ll be there soon, and until then, I’m always yours.
I wish I could surprise you right now with a hug, your favorite food, and a kiss on your forehead. But for now, I’m sending you this message to make you smile. You are the best part of my life. I’m proud of you. I love you. And I miss you in every moment.
I hope this message makes you smile even a little. Just remember: you are loved deeply. You are valued. You are missed. And you are mine. I can’t wait until I can hold you again.

Good Morning Sweet Long Love Messages for Her

A good morning message is a beautiful way to start her day with love and reassurance.

Sweet Long Morning Messages to Start Her Day

Good morning, my love. I hope you wake up feeling loved and appreciated. I just want you to know you are the best part of my life. I’m grateful for you, and I’m proud that I get to love you. No matter what today brings, remember you are strong, beautiful, and deeply valued.
Good morning, baby. I wish I could be there beside you, watching you wake up and smiling at you. You deserve a day full of peace and happiness. I love you so much, and I hope you carry my love with you all day.
Good morning, my heart. You are the reason my days feel brighter. I love you deeply, and I want you to remember that you are always on my mind. Start your day with confidence because you are amazing.
Good morning, love. I hope today brings you good news, calm moments, and a lot of smiles. You deserve the best things in life, and I’m grateful that I get to be part of your world.
Good morning, beautiful. I love you more than you know. I’m proud of you, and I’m here for you always.

Romantic Good Morning Long Messages

Good morning, my love. Every time I wake up, I feel grateful because you are in my life. You are the love I prayed for, the peace I didn’t know I needed, and the happiness I never want to lose. I hope you have a beautiful day, and I hope you feel my love in every moment.
Good morning, baby. I just want to remind you that you are the most special person in my life. Your love has changed me, softened me, and made me better. Thank you for being you. I love you with my whole heart.
Good morning, my queen. I want you to smile today and feel proud of yourself. You are everything good in my life, and I’m lucky to call you mine.

Morning Messages With Motivation and Support

Good morning, love. Whatever you face today, remember you are stronger than you think. I believe in you completely. I love you and I’ll always support you.
Good morning, baby. Don’t doubt yourself. You are capable, talented, and deserving. I’m proud of you, and I’m always cheering for you.
Good morning, my love. Take the day one step at a time. Don’t stress too much. You’re doing your best, and I’m proud of you.

Good Night Sweet Long Love Messages for Her

A good night message is the perfect way to end her day with peace, love, and reassurance.

Sweet Long Good Night Messages

Good night, my love. I hope you rest well and sleep with a calm heart. Thank you for being part of my life. You make everything feel better just by being you. Close your eyes knowing you are loved, valued, and always on my mind.
Good night, baby. If today was hard, I want you to let it go now. You deserve rest. I wish I could hold you and tell you everything will be okay. I love you deeply, and I’m always here for you.
Good night, my heart. You are my peace. You are my comfort. And you are my favorite person. Sleep well, and remember I’m not going anywhere.

Romantic Good Night Messages to Make Her Smile

Good night, love. You are the last thing I think about before I sleep and the first thing I want to see when I wake up. I love you so much.
Good night, baby. I wish I could kiss your forehead and hold you close. Until then, I’m sending you all my love through this message.
Good night, my queen. Dream of us, dream of love, dream of the future we’ll build together.

Good Night Messages That Reassure Love

Good night, my love. You never have to doubt my love. It’s yours completely. Always.
Good night, baby. I’m loyal to you. I’m committed to you. And I love you deeply.
Good night, love. No matter what, I’m here. I’m staying. And I’m choosing you.

Sweet Long Love Messages for Special Days

Special days deserve deeper words. These messages help you express love on important moments.

Valentine’s Day Long Love Messages

Happy Valentine’s Day, my love. You are the best part of my life. You make me feel loved, understood, and safe. I’m grateful for you today and every day. I love you deeply, and I want a forever with you.
Valentine’s Day is special because it reminds me how lucky I am. Loving you is my favorite thing. You are my heart, my happiness, and my home.

Birthday Sweet Long Love Messages

Happy birthday, my love. I hope today reminds you how beautiful you are inside and out. You deserve happiness, peace, and love. I’m grateful I get to be the one who loves you.
Happy birthday, baby. You are the best gift life gave me. I love you deeply and I’m proud of you.

Anniversary Sweet Long Love Messages

Happy anniversary, my love. I’m thankful for every moment we’ve shared, every lesson we’ve learned, and every memory we’ve created. I love you more than ever, and I want to keep choosing you forever.
Another year with you feels like a blessing. Thank you for being my love, my partner, and my peace.

Apology Sweet Long Love Messages (After Fight)

I’m sorry, my love. I never want to be the reason your heart feels heavy. You mean too much to me. I want to fix this and bring peace back between us. I love you, and I’m willing to do better.
I’m sorry for my mistake. I love you deeply, and I don’t want ego to come between us. Please forgive me. I want to love you better.

Sweet Long Love Message Templates (Fill-in-the-Blank)

Templates make it easier to write something personal quickly. Replace the brackets with your details.

Template for Romantic Love Letter

My love, I just want you to know that I adore you deeply. I love the way you [something you love about her]. I still remember when we [shared memory], and it makes me smile every time. Thank you for being patient with me and for loving me sincerely. I want a future where we [future plan]. You are my favorite person, and I’ll always choose you.

Template for Long Distance Sweet Message

Baby, I miss you so much today. I miss your [voice/smile/hug], and I wish I could be with you right now. But I want you to remember that I’m loyal to you and committed to you. Every day is one day closer to us being together again. I love you deeply, and I’m proud of us for staying strong.

Template for Good Morning Long Love Text

Good morning, my love. I hope you wake up feeling peaceful and loved. You deserve a day full of happiness and success. I believe in you and I’m proud of you. No matter what happens today, remember I love you and I’m always with you.

Template for Apology + Love Message

My love, I’m sorry for [what happened]. I understand how it made you feel, and I take responsibility. You mean too much to me, and I never want to hurt you. I want to fix this and rebuild our peace. I love you deeply, and I’ll do better.

Conclusion

A sweet long love message to make her smile can change her entire day. Whether you’re writing to a girlfriend, wife, crush, or long-distance partner, the most powerful messages are the ones that feel honest and personal. Use memories, appreciation, reassurance, and a little softness. Your words don’t have to be perfect. They just have to be real.

FAQs

What is a sweet romantic message to melt her heart long distance?
A sweet romantic long distance message should combine love, reassurance, and commitment. Tell her you miss her, but remind her you are loyal, proud of her, and excited for the day you’ll be together again.

How to make her feel special message to make her smile?
Mention something specific you love about her, appreciate her effort, and remind her she is valued. Personal details make the message feel genuine and special.

How can I touch her heart with words?
Use honest feelings, gratitude, and reassurance. Tell her how she changed your life, how you feel safe with her, and how you want to keep building a future together.

How to make her cry love message?
Write a message that expresses deep gratitude and commitment. Tell her she is your blessing, that you will protect her heart, and that your love is loyal and permanent.